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50

Even very low exposures to asbestos over short periods of time can cause mesothelioma which can be latent for up to 50 years.

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10 µg/m³

It is thought that no guideline will ever provide complete protection against particulate matter.

However, in order to reduce negative effects on health, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the maximum annual average concentration of fine particulate matter, PM2.5, is 10 µg/m³.

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Making technical and organisational changes to reduce exposure to workplace agents

While wearing individual protective equipment and reducing hours in the workplace could help to bring down the risk of occupational asthma, technical and organisational changes are the most effective ways of protecting against it.

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Walk alongside quieter roads, where possible

Walking alongside quieter roads where possible results in far lower exposure to pollution than major roads where traffic flow is heavy.

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Ban smoking, install mechanical ventilation systems and use non-polluting heating methods

Banning smoking, using mechanical ventilation systems and using non-polluting heating methods can help to reduce asthma symptoms.

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Zoonoses

The main pollutants found in outdoor air include ozone, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and sulphur dioxide. Lung health symptoms that can be seen straight after exposure to high pollution levels include irritation of the airways, dyspnoea and an increased chance of having an asthma attack.

Zoonoses are diseases passed on from animals to humans, and are most present in indoor air.

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Try to put air pollution into perspective by comparing it with other factors in their life, e.g. smoking

It would make most sense to put air pollution into perspective by comparing it with other factors in the patient's life, so that they can set lung health goals tailored to their lifestyle.

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A full work history

As the latency of occupational respiratory diseases can range from a few hours to 50 years, a detailed history is key when assessing a worker's occupational exposure risk and establishing a diagnosis.

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There is no safe level of exposure

There is no safe level of exposure to second-hand smoke, which is classed as a Class A carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

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1.5–2 million

Between 1.5 million and 2 million global deaths a year could be linked to indoor air pollution, which can come from many places, including open fires and heaters, building materials and furniture, cleaning products and cooling systems, and air pollution that comes in from outdoors.